Which medical condition is most closely associated with myelomeningocele, a form of spina bifida?

Myelomeningocele is a severe form of spina bifida characterized by the protrusion of the spinal cord and its protective coverings through an opening in the vertebral column. This condition can lead to a number of complications and associated medical issues. Hydrocephalus, which is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain, is one of the most common and significant complications linked to myelomeningocele.

When the spinal column does not close properly during fetal development, it can disrupt the normal flow of CSF, which may lead to increased pressure inside the skull. This condition necessitates close monitoring and often requires treatment to prevent potential damage to the brain. Children with myelomeningocele are frequently evaluated for hydrocephalus, and many will require interventions such as the placement of a shunt to manage the fluid accumulation.

The other medical conditions provided in the options do not have the same direct relationship with myelomeningocele. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects blood and bone marrow, while Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder related to insulin production. Hyperactivity can be associated with various behavioral and developmental disorders but is not directly related to the structural and neurological complications seen in myel